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Institution: Barwon Health - VIC, Australia
Purpose: The risk of venous thromboembolism increases during pregnancy with short-term life and limb-threatening risks and long-term morbidity due to post thrombotic syndrome. Endovascular treatment in iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has been shown to be an effective treatment option in addition to standard anticoagulation therapy. However, the safety and efficacy of these interventions during pregnancy has not been well established. This review aims to assess the available evidence for endovascular treatment of iliofemoral DVT with concurrent pregnancy.
Methodology: A comprehensive literature review and online search was conducted to gather information on the current available evidence on endovascular intervention in iliofemoral DVT in pregnancy.
Results: A total of 9 relevant articles were identified, comprising 146 patients. The majority were post-partum patients with only 25 pregnant patients with iliofemoral DVT identified. All studies were retrospective with the majority being case series. Only one paper assessed long term outcomes with most papers examining short term outcomes such as procedural success, short-term patency and symptom relief. From the 25 pregnant patients identified that underwent endovascular treatment, 9 were treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous aspiration thrombectomy. While outcomes varied among studies, no maternal or fetal deaths were reported. Two patients underwent elective termination of pregnancy post treatment.
Conclusion: There is limited available evidence regarding endovascular treatment of iliofemoral DVT during pregnancy, with most studies reporting on post-partum DVT. Treatment of iliofemoral DVT in pregnancy is complex and requires consideration of both fetal and maternal wellbeing. The evidence base for this unique therapeutic challenge would benefit from larger prospective trials specifically examining the antepartum population in order to establish clear guidelines for the treatment of this patient group.
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Dr Sarah Chew - , Dr Margaret Shi -