Health disparities in vascular surgical care have persisted for decades. The Australian Burden of Disease Study (ABDS) 2011 examined four complications of diabetes—diabetic neuropathy, diabetic foot ulcer, lower limb amputation, and vision impairment—and estimated their prevalence and burden. In 2011, approximately 730,000 Australians had diagnosed diabetes, with 1.7% experiencing lower limb amputation. The health loss due to diabetes-related lower limb amputation accounted for about 1% of the total non-fatal burden of diabetes in 2011, representing 456 years of healthy life lost due to living with disability in Australia. Indigenous Australians experienced significantly higher rates of diabetes-related lower limb amputations, bearing a burden 3.8 times greater than that of non-Indigenous Australians, with rates of 10.8 YLD (years lived with disability) per 100,000 people compared to 2.8 YLD per 100,000 for non-Indigenous Australians. The age-standardised rate of non-fatal burden due to diabetes-related lower limb amputations is highest among individuals living in remote and very remote areas when compared to inner regional areas and major cities. These elevated rates in remote areas are likely influenced by the higher proportion of Indigenous Australians residing in these regions, who have higher diabetes rates and consequently higher rates of diabetes-related amputations. There is also a clear trend of increasing burden with greater socioeconomic disadvantage. New strategies are essential to address these disparities. We recommend that surgeons use data to identify groups that would benefit most from medical care and collaborate with community organisations or individuals to create lasting health improvements. While surgeons alone cannot eliminate the structural inequalities in Australain society, they should work to ensure that everyone has access to high-quality vascular surgical care.